In 2046, there was a mass movement to change the independent Panchayat system. The Constitution of 2047 came with the restoration of democracy and the implementation of multi-party system.
Along with political changes, economic policies have also changed. All public institutions were privatized. Even now, there is criticism that some institutes were given at a cheap price.
Many political parties were started. Many sister organizations including trade unions of that party were started.
With the advent of democracy, there was a kind of enthusiasm among the people and the people wanted development and good governance. However, the government could not guarantee the service facilities as per the expectations of the people. Apart from the party and its supporters, the common people had to suffer even to get the minimum basic needs. Educational institutions, financial institutions were run under private ownership and are still running.
Anyway, the earning business started. The gap between the haves and the have-nots has widened. If water, forest, herbs, agriculture, minerals, industry and tourism can be developed and utilized properly, the standard of living of Nepal and Nepali people will be raised. Migration of Nepalese manpower, lack of access to education, health etc., gender, caste and social discrimination, lack of use of cutting-edge technology and failure to make work fast and easy by developing systems are our problems. There can be external and internal reasons for not being able to solve such problems. Even now roads, water, electricity etc. are not accessible to everyone.
Dissatisfaction with autocratic monarchy and nominal democracy was growing. Although the constitution of 2047 is said to be excellent, the government made up of parties and parties could not address the sentiments of the people. In 2052, the Maoist armed movement began. Mutual mismatch of political parties and V.S. The Maoist civil war that started in 2052 led to more instability in the country
Ten years of conflict resulted in the loss of many lives and property. 17 thousand people lost their lives and many were mutilated.
After the palace massacre in 2058, King Gyanendra took power.
The public movement that started on 24 Chait 062 lasted for 19 days and ended on 11 Baisakh 063 with the agreement to restore the parliament. The slogan was to ensure the political rights of classes, castes, languages and genders that were not included and discriminated by the state structure. The 19-day movement overthrew Nepal’s 237-year-old monarchy and established a democratic republic in the country. Federalism and secular state was declared. Ramchandra Bhattarai writes in the Citizen Magazine, “The irony is that those who were anti-republican yesterday, anti-federalism, anti-secularism, anti-inclusive proportional democracy, are the ones who are dancing more on Republic Day today.”
Meanwhile, a detailed peace agreement was concluded between the protesting Maoists and the government. The Interim Constitution of Nepal 2063 was created and the Interim Legislative Parliament was created including the Maoists.
A united government including Maoists was formed and the Constituent Assembly was elected to create the future constitution of Nepal.
Constitution of Nepal 2072 is the existing constitution of Nepal. It was made by the then ‘Constituent Assembly’ of Nepal. The Constituent Assembly, elected from the second election of the Constituent Assembly, passed this constitution on August 30, 2072 with more than two-thirds of votes.
After being signed by the majority members of the Constituent Assembly, it was verified by the Speaker. Although there was a black day protest in the districts of Terai, the constitution was implemented by the then President of Nepal on 3rd October 2072 by signing the Constitution of Nepal 2072 and announcing that the constitution had been issued. This constitution has 35 parts, 308 articles and 9 schedules.
The Preamble of the Constitution states:
“We are the sovereign Nepalese people;
Keeping Nepal’s independence, sovereignty, geographical integrity, national unity, independence and self-respect intact and embracing the people’s sovereign rights, autonomy and self-governance; Commemorating the glorious history of sacrifice and honoring martyrs and missing and victimized citizens; Ending all forms of discrimination and oppression created by feudal, despotic, centralized and unitary state systems; Assimilating multi-racial, multilingual, multi-religious, multicultural and geographically diverse characteristics, unity among diversity, socio-cultural Protecting and promoting solidarity, tolerance and harmony; Resolving to end class, ethnic, regional, linguistic, religious, gender discrimination and all forms of ethnic untouchability to ensure economic equality, prosperity and social justice, and build an equitable society based on proportional inclusive and participatory principles;
To build a prosperous nation by being committed to socialism based on democratic values and beliefs, including the concept of a competitive multi-party democratic governance system, civil liberties, fundamental rights, human rights, child suffrage, periodic elections, full freedom of the press and an independent, fair and competent judiciary and the concept of a legal state;
We issue this constitution passed by the Constituent Assembly to fulfill the aspirations of sustainable peace, good governance, development and prosperity through federal democratic republican governance system.
Democracy, republic and socialism are mentioned in the constitution. But in practice the bicameral parliamentary system has been implemented. According to the principle of separation of powers, there is an arrangement of administration, executive and judiciary. But in some cases, those bodies are not able to play a clean role.
After 2046 anyone started many types of parties. Even after 2063, the process of opening parties continued. Newly formed parties also had the opportunity to have proportional representation in the Constituent Assembly. But after 2072, some parties were disbanded and the process of splitting and merging of some parties also increased. Constitution Part III
Fundamental rights and duties
22. The right to freedom (2) C Freedom to start a political party is mentioned.
Some may have the desire to do politics without doing anything. Some of them may have got used to opening the party and clapping. Mainstream national parties that have been active for a long time, Nepali Congress, CPN-UML, CPN-Maoist and other major parties are still competing. No matter how much people criticize, they vote with determination to improve. Again, it is the parties that reform politics in a democracy. A debate has started in search of some alternatives. Efforts to listen to citizens’ voices, citizens first, new power advanced socialism and other issues have been started.
In a political party, five things are important in terms of ideology, organization, mass base, issues and finances. Parties have also been opened in the name of caste, religion and region. But in a short period of time two-four people started a party and won without the people knowing, the attitude towards politics has changed. Even if an alternative political power is to be established according to the spirit and purpose of the constitution, public opinion should be prepared. Now the debate on constitutional amendment has started. Care must be taken not to cause further problems.
